Which of the following is considered a push marketing strategy?

A push marketing strategy is one where a business actively seeks to promote its products or services to consumers, thereby "pushing" the message out to them rather than waiting for consumers to seek out the information themselves.

Mail outs and newspaper ads fit this definition as they are traditional advertising techniques where the business sends promotional messages directly to potential customers without their prior engagement. This proactive approach aims to reach a wide audience quickly and encourage them to consider the product or service being offered.

On the other hand, social media engagement, personal referrals, and networking events are more about pulling customers in through direct engagement or word-of-mouth. These methods rely on building relationships and interaction, which can be seen as more of a passive attraction strategy, where the customer comes to the business based on interest or recommendations rather than being directly targeted by the marketing effort.